الاسعافات الاوليه 1

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A. Definition: --

First Aid is the emergency treatment in the event of injuries or illnesses, which are made for live access to medical Hzmp Tssp upon the arrival of the doctor or the transfer of the patient or the patient to the hospital every individual must learn the fundamentals first aid was able to do Bisaav cases where you meet, whether at home or street .
Purpose of first aid:
- Saving of life.
- Shock therapy.
- Reduce or eliminate pain.
- Prevention of complications and further injury.
The basic principles of first aid: --
A - Diagnosis: 1 - First, make sure your personal safety you should not be the next victim.
2 - Stay calm and acted wisely and introduce yourself to the injured and those around him and Prevent people gathered around the injured.
3 - far from the source of the infected line [Fire - gas - electricity - the fall of the buildings] or beyond the line of the source patient.
4 - Start in assessing the condition of the injured and collect sufficient information on the cause of injury and symptoms of the patient himself if he was conscious or his family or located at the scene if unconscious.

B: - treatment: --

1 - not started proper care in order of priority and seriousness of injury and be the primary as follows: --
- Rehabilitation of the heart and Tanf if they stopped.
- Working to stop the bleeding, if any.
- Work to install the fractions.
- Treatment of shock.
- Treatment and remove the pain.
2 - Place the patient in the development of a sound and true in the case of coma, placed in a lying down or on its side or back and head to one side.
3 - must cover the wounds so as to prevent pollution.
4 - The Solution Machine Part I. In the case of proper tearing clothes torn from the place shall knitting.
5 - do not give anything by mouth if the patient is unconscious or injured by the force in the abdomen as well as in the case of bleeding or vomiting.
6 - If the patient vomited must reduce the security of the head with the Department of the face on one of Ganbeb vomiting to prevent access to the lungs if not injured in the fully awareness and there is disturbance of breathing becomes essential to remove the vomit from the mouth with your fingers or a piece of cloth, with removal of anything other than a fixed such as dentures.
7 - must cover the patient's body in order to keep his body warm.
Transfer of the injured: --
1 - I request medical assistance immediately transfer the patient to the nearest hospital.
2 - must remain the patient or the patient is lying down and move only within the limits of absolute necessity and this is done gently with help from the means and personnel deployed. Should not be moving the patient in case of possible injury in the neck or paragraphs should also be splinted fractures before moving the patient.
3 - in the case of an accident must keep witnesses and reporting the police and work on questioning the patient may stop before the arrival of police and must keep everything found next to the patient such as weapons or drugs.
4 - recorded all data and information about the patient, injury, first aid, which was Baht clear and uncluttered and method to help the doctor assess the situation and give the necessary treatment after that.
5 - The diagnosis and death of a person only if the whole more than one person on the following signs:
- Not in any sense of Nabq - not to hear any sounds when you put your ear on the chest of a patient - stop breathing - that the eye will be deep and it Mist
- Cooling the body and the decrease in temperature over time.
- Solid body and occur between 3 or 4 hours after death.

The injury must not be underestimated or regarded as a minor injury in the following cases:

1 - loss of consciousness
2 - there may be bleeding Dahly
3 - minor injuries and the second
4 - cuts close to the joints and the likelihood of fractures
5 - burns and wounds more than 20 of the area of the body
6 - eye injuries.

Examination of the injured non-awareness: --

1 - Breathing: listen to the movement of air by placing hands on the diaphragm muscle depth quickly note whether it is uninterrupted or is difficult whether it is impulsive with secretions.
2 - Bleeding: examine the injured and around carefully to make sure that there are signs the phenomenon of bleeding and at the same time, we note any other sign on the clothes and then feeling the speed and accuracy of the palm of the hand injured body.
3 - color of the face: if it should be noted pale lips as she was pale and also note the presence of a cold sweat on the face or forehead.
4 - Pulse: Take the pulse for 15 seconds note the rapid pulse and note that the magnitude of the normal rate 72 times per minute.
5 - Skin: Dahl put hand clothing and note the temperature and whether the skin is dry or sticky or moist.
6 - Smell: notice any strange smell or inhalation mistake the smell of alcohol.
7 - Omar patient: Note old rounding and, in particular, if any, signs of myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest.
Equipment and tools necessary to carry out first-aid: --
1 - disinfectants such as tincture of iodine, Albithadin, Khzl white - Dithol - Solved boric ointment for burns - a drop of antiseptic to the eye - sterile Vaseline.
2 - stimuli: distilled ammonia - Kuramin - drops and dropper - Ambühl Kuramin.
3 - analgesics, such as Albutdin.
4 - bands of different sizes and ligament stress.
5 - sterile gauze or cotton or a clean, small and Splints Turnikip.
6 - scissors Djvt parts.
7 - thermometer.
8 - linoleum adhesive.
9 - sterile syringes of different sizes.
10 - the pressure and a headset.
How to give injections.
Purpose: to give material for the effect of fast and can not be given by mouth.
The preparation of injection:
1 - The use of sterile injection
2 - fill the syringe through the real estate Alambsm
3 - The installation of the needle and take into account the expulsion of air that enters with the drug by making the needle to the top, then pressing on the piston come out a little air.
4 - cleans the skin well in the injection site with alcohol pure.
Intramuscular injection:
1 - the patient is placed on one side or on the face.
2 - sets the injection site in one of the muscles of buttocks off for the top quarter outer
3 - is injected at an angle 9. First degree with clouds to make sure that out of blood.
Injection into the skin: - use a small needle 2 - given in the chapter of the arm in the upper part of the quarter 3 outside - the air is ejected from the herring 4 - is injected at an angle of 45 degrees 5 - Drag Alambsm and make sure you do not see the blood and then 'injected slowly.
Rules of administration: --
- Make sure to give the correct drug dose prescribed and the way sound and the codification of the time of administration
- Wash hands thoroughly before touching the medicine.
- Not to give any medication change its color or smell.
- Not be confused with another drug.
- Not by any medicine from a bottle to the other.
- It is preferable to give some water after giving the drug by mouth.
- It is necessary to make sure the name of the medicine before giving it to the patient and not to give any medication without a clear title or no title.
- Make sure to know the nature of medicine and expected results and signs of overdosing on the decision.
- Should give medicine to a patient with a note the expiration date medication and you must make sure of the way the drug injection by reading the card placed on medication.

Ligaments:

"Rabat cylindrical" is used to install the well-dressing in place over the wound must therefore its position in court, but moderately so as not to conflict with the circulatory system, so check the fingers from time to time the Hottest to the discovery of any cooler or swelling or blue color or loss of sensation If any of these symptoms should mitigation of tightened Rabat on the spot.

o Rabat chest and back:

Using triangular ligament, demonstrate wound dressings and characters in the chest or back and the way installed in the cases of chest injuries are: --
1 - Rabat triangle head is placed over the shoulder, and leaves the rest of the Rabat to cover the chest and so that half of al-Qaeda under the head of the triangle.
2 - Install Base Rabat to the top of which is sufficient to install the dressing and then linking the two sides at the back under the shoulder bone and must be one of the parties long and the other assessor.
3 - connects with the long party for the top of the triangle at the top of the shoulder.
o Rabat chest or abdomen:

1 - This bond may be used to install large and bulky dressings in place.
2 - might be used for the imposition of a piece of cloth or bed sheet or large bath towel is placed under the patient Rabat then prove from the front using the pins must be placed strap or tape around the neck to maintain the linkage in place.

o shoulder strap or hip:

This type of installation bandage covered for injuries or burns, shoulder strap and hip using a triangle and a neck strap hanging together can be done Rabat commentator neck by discouraging Rabat Triangle to turn it into a narrow band, or you may use a cylindrical or Neckties or raw.
Ambulance and treatment of wounds:
1 - the patient is placed in an appropriate
2 - wash your hands well
3 - equipped with the necessary tools for the work of dressing
4 - Clean the wound with wet piece of soap and water and the direction of cleaning around the wound to the outside and top to bottom
5 - cleanse the wound with an antiseptic such as Almikrokrom water and used disinfectants, which enters the installation of alcohol because they lead to irritation of tissues
6 - covering the wound with gauze, cotton, sterile bandages and prove
7 - In case of bleeding compression bandage is placed with the lifting of the injured member until he was transferred to the hospital
8 - Treatment of shock if they accompany the wound.
9 - In case there is likely to be infected internal organs take action immediately to transfer the patient to the hospital.
10 - In case there may be associated fractures of the wound covering the wound and then placed splint to prevent movement of the broken member.
11 - give sedatives and analgesics if there is pain, as well as antibiotics.
12 - In the case of foreign objects such as glass work of granulated tissue, a swathe hedge where it is then linked to the UFO without a bandage to prevent further tightening of implantation in the body tissue with a strange work to give the vaccine (tetanus)
Should not be washing and cleaning of deep wounds, especially those up to the bone, which requires the work of stitches and a doctor is only covering the wound with a piece Dmad sterile or clean, and must always remember when the ambulance with horrific wounds.
1 - wash the wound is prohibited
2 - try to remove the prohibited Alczaip metal or glass only if the surface and can be easily removed
3 - Forbidden put any disinfectant in the wound.
4 - forbidden to touch the wound with hands when lifting any foreign objects from the wound used pieces of Aldmad Bajaft sterile or sterile.
5 - Forbidden to leave the wound exposed to the air.
6 - If the wound due to gunshot wound are looking for wounded out and returned the projectile is greater than the entry wound.
7 - In this case, there is likely to break bones, causing internal bleeding

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